COPD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

COPD - Essay ExampleWhile a serious condition, it is a preventable and treatable condition. The disease progresses irreversibly, thus it is necessary to prevent and manage COPD. The patient in this case of COPD is Maggie, a previous smoker who was diagnosed with mild COPD. In order for Maggie to understand the causes and the management of COPD, she essential be informed of the prevalence, risk factors, management and therapeutic option for the disease. The information she depart gain will help her to prevent the chances of her disease progressing to a more severe stage, and will help her to understand why she has to take certain medications. Prevalence of COPD In 2000, 2.7 million deaths were attrisolelyed to COPD, with majority of the deaths occurring in the Western Pacific Region, mainland China included. In developed and industrialized countries, COPD is to blame for 400,000 deaths (Lopez, et al., 2006). Moreover, in North America 3-4% of adults have COPD. It is estimated that 1 5-25% of persons forty long time old and older have stage 1 mild COPD or airflow limitation. Since smoking was determine to be the biggest risk factor in COPD, the prevalence of COPD is much higher in smokers and ex-smokers in the 40 and above age group compared to younger individuals. COPD is besides more prevalent in men than women (Lopez, et al., 2006), but this observation could be due to the higher subject of male smokers. However, as the number of women smokers increase, so did the number of female deaths attributable to COPD (Ronnenberg, 2010). Risk factors for COPD Smoking cigarettes comprise the most important risk factor for COPD. bottom smoking is responsible for 80%-90% cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Frequent ikon to second-and smoke in any case increases the risk of having COPD. However, not all smokers will develop COPD, suggesting that environmental factors and transmissible make-up contribute to its prevalence. As an example, COPD has been obs erved to be more common in whites despite the high number of smokers in the low population. It has also been shown that one type of emphysema is due to the deficiency of alpha-1-protease inhibitor (also known as alpha-1-antitrypsin, or AAT). This genetic defect affects approximately 70,000 Americans and accounts for 1%-3% of COPD cases (Sandford and Silverman, 2002). Another factor that can increase the risk for COPD is a invoice of childhood lung diseases, which can result in scarring of lungs and reduction of elasticity of the lungs. Exposure to gases, chemical and dust also increase the risk of COPD, and can lead to worsening of the condition, if an individual already has COPD (Ronnenberg, 2010). A study shows that exposure to wood smoke or charcoal grey smoke is highly related t the development of COPD. This is a common risk factor in developing countries and in Europe where wood or charcoal is used to fuel wood-based ovens (Orozco-Levi, et al., 2006). Stages of COPD severity The severity of COPD is classified by measuring the lung function level utilize spirometry. This is the process of measuring the breath of an individual. Among the Pulmonary Function Tests, spirometry is the most common. It measures the lung function by measuring the measure (volume) and speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. Spirometry is helpful in the assessment of COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis (Barreiro and Perillo, 2004). later on conducting the initial spirometric test, a bronchodilator is administered. After this, a new round of tests is